IS MUSTARD OIL HARMFUL FOR OUR BODY WHICH IS USED IN BENGALI,NORTH INDIAN AND BANGLADESHI CUISINES?

Mustard oil is also called sorser tel in Bengali and in Hindi it’s called sarson ka tel. It can be made from black mustard (Brassica nigra), brown mustard (B. juncea), and white mustard (B. alba),

Mustard oil is either the pressed oil used in cooking or the pungent essential oil,which is also known as mustard essential oil. Essential oil is made by grinding mustard seeds, mixing with water and extracting the essential oil by methods of distillation. It can also be made by carbonizing the seeds. Pressed mustard oil is used as an edible oil in some cultures, but its HIGH ERUCIC ACID content limits its sale in some countries. There are also mustard seeds that are low in ERUCIC ACID.

EXTRACTION PROCESS:

• WIDELY USED IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD:

The use of distinctive pungent oils is characteristic of Bengali and North Indian [1][2] and Bangladeshi [3] cuisines. It is sometimes used as a substitute for ghee [4].

• Information on the nutritional content of the mustard oil:

According to USDA [5], 100 grams of mustard oil contains 884 calories of food energy, equivalent to 100 tons. The fat composition consists of 11% saturated,acids[6]. 59% monounsaturated and 21% polyunsaturated fatty

• CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
  Mustard oil contains approximately 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (42% erucic acid and 12% oleic acid). Contains approximately 21% polyunsaturated fat (6% omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid and 15% omega-6 linoleic acid) and approximately 12% saturated fat. [7]

Its pungent taste comes from allyl isothiocyanate, a phytochemical found in cruciferous plants (cabbage, horseradish, horseradish, etc.).

POTENTIAL TOXICITY
The US Food and Drug Administration has banned the importation or sale of pressed mustard oil for cooking in the US due to its high erucic acid content. In contrast, the FDA has classified mustard essential oil, which has a much lower erucic acid content, as generally recognized as safe and allows it for use in food. , is approved as a massage oil in the United States and requires the label “For external use only.”

Mustard oil is rich in erucic acid. Erucic acid can have toxic effects on the heart at high doses.[8][9] The relationship between dietary erucic acid consumption and increased myocardial lipidosis or heart disease has not been established in humans. However, given what is known about erucic acid, there may be reason to believe that humans are susceptible[3].
Erucic acid is a major component of mustard and rapeseed. Foods high in erucic acid are considered undesirable for human consumption because they have been associated with myocardial lipidosis and heart lesions in laboratory rats. is restricted.

CONCLUSION:

• ANOTHER FDA AUDIT IS SUGGESTED ON THE WELLBEING FURTHEST REACHES OF ERUCIC CORROSIVE SINCE 29 NATIONS HAVE PERMIT RESTRICTED MEASURES OF MUSTARD OIL (ERUCIC CORROSIVE) FOR HUMAN UTILIZATION AND FURTHERMORE IN LIGHT OF THE FACT THAT THERE ARE SOME MEDICAL ADVANTAGES THAT HAVE BEEN ACCOUNTED FOR MUSTARD OIL IN PEOPLE.

• THOUGH BENGALI AND NORTH INDIAN PEOPLE INTAKE MUSTARD OIL ON DAILY BASIS WHICH CONTAIN ERUCIC ACID WHICH IS NOT GOOD FOR PEOPLE WHO HAVE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE .SOME RESEARCHES HAVE BEEN REPORTED THAT DUE TO USE OF OMEGA 3 RICH FISH AND FOODS IN THEIR DAILY DIET THAT EFFECT OF ERUCIC ACID IS NEUTRALISE BECAUSE THE FISH HAVE ALA WHICH BROKE DOWN TO FORM DHA (DECOSOHEXANOIC ACID)AND EPA (EICASOPENTANOIC ACID).
• MORE PROSPECTIVE DATA FROM LARGER COHORTS WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT ON HUMANS.
• RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS ARE NEEDED TO DEFINE SAFETY/POTENTIAL BENEFIT [13]

REFERENCE:

1. Krishnendu Ray, The Migrant’s Table: Meals and Memories in Bengali-American Households (Temple University Press, 2004), p. 27: “Wide use of mustard brings Bengali food close to the North Indian paradigm”
2. ^ Pete Wells, Masalawala & Sons, Where the Food Is Bengali and the Mustard Oil Flow, New York Times (January 24, 2023): “The volatile, sinus-awakening aroma of mustard oil is one of the signatures of Bengali cooking. … Many Bengali dishes are unthinkable without it.”
3. ^ Jump up to:^a b Indrani Sen, American Chefs Discover Mustard Oil, New York Times (November 2, 2011): “It is also used as a massage oil, the only use for which it is legally approved in the United States.”
4. The Cook’s Book of Ingredients (DK Publishing: 1st American ed., 2010), p. 513.
5. “Welcome to the USDA Food Composition Database”. nal.usda.gov. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
6.  (Retrieved 2017-12-11)
7. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/172337/nutrients
8.  Food Standards Australia New Zealand (June 2003) Erucic acid in food Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine : A Toxicological Review and Risk Assessment . Technical report series No. 21; Page 4 paragraph 1; ISBN 0-642-34526-0, ISSN 1448-3017
9. ^ Grice, H. & Heggtveit, H. (1983). The Relevance to Humans of Myocardial Lesions Induced in Rats by Marine and Rapeseed Oils. In High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils. Elsevier. p. 560.
10. ^ Food Standards Australia New Zealand (June 2003) Erucic acid in food: A Toxicological Review and Risk Assessment Technical report series No. 21; Page 4 paragraph 1; ISBN 0-642-34526-0, ISSN 1448-3017
11. ^ FDA Import Alert 26-04: Detention Without Physical Examination of Expressed Mustard Oil, FDA (November 18, 2016).
12. ^ Mustard and Mustard Oil Safety, National Capital Poison Center] (last accessed January 26, 2023).
13. Kavita H. Poddar, Ph.D, RDN, CLS  ¹Geeta Sikand, MA, RDN, CLS, FNLA ¹.Dinesh Kalra, MD, FACC, FNLA.Nathan Wong, Ph.D, M.P.HPlumX Metrics.:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2021.11.002

ARTICLE BY

Nutritionist Debjani Mondal

M.sc (food and nutrition), Certified Diabetes Educator.

Nutritionist content writer of TEAM NUTRI WORLD.